Low testosterone affects a third of young men with type 2 diabetes
New research has revealed that approximately one third of men aged 18-35 with type 2 diabetes have low testosterone levels.
Dr.
Paresh Dandona and colleagues from the State University of New York at
Buffalo measured circulating testosterone levels in 38 men with type 1 diabetes and 24 men with type 2 diabetes. Results showed that testosterone levels were significantly lower in participants with type 2 diabetes than they were in men with type 1 diabetes. 33% of participants with type 2 diabetes were
found to have low testosterone levels, whilst 58% had testosterone
levels that were below normal for their age. In comparison, just 8%
type 1 diabetic patients had testosterone levels below the lower limit
of normal.
Let's take a look at a major contributor to the aging process and what it can tell us about slowing the ravages of time on our health. The factor we will explore is cortisol, a hormone that controls dozens of vital functions in the body. When cortisol levels are too high or too low, rapid-aging processes accelerate.
With the promise of making its user look younger, lose weight and feel sexier, more and more men are opting to use hormone replacement therapy to turn back the clock on aging.
Bill Rayl, 58, told NBC 7/39 he credits it with changing his life. Rayl said he looks forward to exercise, has vigor, energy and muscles. He said he feels better than he did eight years ago.
"I was wearing a 40-inch pant at that time and didn't have the energy to exercise a great deal," Rayl said.
Kevin Lester is Rayl's doctor at Cenegenics, an age-management program.
Human Growth Hormone is the hottest topic in town with everyone talking
about it. With the rise of Human Growth Hormone usage by athletes and
celebrities sure makes everyone wonder what exactly is Human Growth
Hormone and what is the benefit of using it? A physician in Beverly
Hills offers a few words about Human Growth Hormone with recent
publicity.
According to the physician, the advanced human growth hormone
therapy for people who suffered growth hormone deficiencies has helped
them feel energetic and vibrant. Normal person will naturally secrete
the growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland. The hormone is at
its peak during the adolescence period but the production will decrease
as we grow older somewhere between 21-30 years old. By the age of 60 we
will only produce as much as half of what we are able to produce when
we are much younger. FDA approved growth hormone to be used in therapy
for those who suffered human growth hormone deficiency in 1996.
Hypogonadism is a reduced or absent secretion of hormones
from the sex glands (gonads). In men, these are the testes;
in women, the ovaries.
Causes,
incidence, and risk factors
The cause of hypogonadism may be "primary" or "central."
In primary hypogonadism, the ovaries or testes themselves
do not function properly. Some causes include surgery; radiation;
genetic and developmental disorders; liver and kidney disease;
infection; and certain auto-immune disorders. The most common
genetic disorders are Turner syndrome (in women) and Klinefelter
syndrome (in men).
In
central hypogonadism, the centers in the brain that control
the gonads (hypothalamus and pituitary) do not function properly.
Some causes of central hypogonadism include tumors (growths);
surgery and radiation; infections; trauma; bleeding; genetic
problems; nutritional deficiencies; and iron excess (hemochromatosis).
A
genetic cause of central hypogonadism which also produces
an inability to smell is Kallmann syndrome (males). The most
common tumors affecting the pituitary area are craniopharyngioma
(children) and prolactinoma (adults, this leads to the production
of excess prolactin (which causes the breasts to produce milk,
among other functions). Prolactinomas cause hypogonadism even
if they are not large.
Testosterone and HGH therapy in many ways are considered the wonder hormones. Testosterone and HGH have very specific roles in our every day lives, but more significantly so as we get older our lives take a turn for the worse, some of the more evindent signs of aging are weight gain, low sex drive, decreasing energy levels and loss of concentration and wellbeign.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is one of the leading medical treatments against aging and the negative effects that come about as we age. Human growth hormone (HGH) and testosterone are the two most significan forms of hormone replacement, HGH is consider to be the anti-aging hormone for aging adults, where as testosterone is more specific to human body performance.
Testosterone levels decline gradually with age in human beings. The clinical significance of this decrease is debated (see andropause). There is disagreement about if and when to treat aging men with testosterone replacement therapy. The American Society of Andrology's position is that testosterone therapy "is indicated when both clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of androgen deficiency and decreased testosterone levels are present". The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists says "Hypogonadism
is defined as a free testosterone level that is below the lower limit
of normal for young adult control subjects. Previously, age-related
decreases in free testosterone were once accepted as normal. Currently,
they are not considered normal....Patients with low-normal to subnormal
range testosterone levels warrant a clinical trial of testosterone."[17]
Just as estrogen and progesterone are the female sex hormones, testosterone is the male sex hormone (although women have testosterone levels one-tenth to one-twelfth those of men). Testosterone is the main hormone produced in the testicles and secreted by the testes.
Testosterone Benefits (Result may vary by individual)
• Promotes libido and sexual desire; • Improve male sexual performance • Enhance mood in men • Reduce depression in men • Increased energy and vitality • Increase male bone density • Improve male fertility
• Stimulates sperm production • Increased strength and endurance • Regulate distribution of body fat • Increase body hair growth • Reduce risk of heart disease • Develops lean muscle mass • Nourishes male reproductive systems
The major effects of testosterone is that stimulates the growth of certain organs, promotes protein anabolism, that is, the use of protein to build muscle, skin, and bone, and militates against protein catabolism, or breakdown. Testosterone regulates the production of prostaglandin, which seems to keep prostate growth under control.
The effects of testosterone are most pronounced during puberty. It brings on the enlarged larynx, thicker vocal cords, new body hair, increased muscle mass, and increased oil-gland secretion by the skin commonly associated with puberty. After puberty, levels of testosterone drop gradually in men, with profound effects on physical health and well-being and particularly on mood and libido.
Some males suffer when their bodies produce insufficient levels of testosterone, resulting in a condition called hypogonadism. Hypogonadism can be caused by ailments of the testes, such as testicular injury or infection, Klinefelter's syndrome (a chromosomal abnormality), and/or from disorders of the pituitary and hypothalamus
Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin (STH) is a protein hormone which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. It is a 191-amino acid, single chain polypeptide hormone which is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland.
This article describes growth hormone physiology, with brief mentions of the diseases of GH deficiency, GH excess (acromegaly and pituitary gigantism), as well as GH treatment. For information on a common growth hormone sometimes given to cows, see bovine somatotropin.
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